Hemophilia is one of the most complicated diseases in the world. It is known to affect one in every 10,000 people.

Hemophilia causes an inability in which the blood cannot clot. Therefore, the intensity of the symptoms of hemophilia would depend on the level of clotting factors present. Some of the symptoms that occur due to spontaneous bleeding are deep/large bruises, unexplained bleeding after vaccinations, excessive bleeding post-dental operations or other surgeries, injuries and cuts, unexplained nosebleeds, and pain and swelling in the joints. If the condition becomes more severe, tiny bumps in the head can also lead to bleeding in the brain. While this is rare, the symptoms that help in detecting this include repeated vomiting, prolonged headaches, double vision, seizures, lethargy, and sudden weakness. There are treatment options that can prevent individuals from reaching that stage.

The various medications and products used for the treatment of hemophilia are:

Recombinant factor concentrates
This is a type of clotting factor concentrate that is used in replacement therapy for patients. This clotting factor is not made from human plasma and has been approved by the FDA. The first concentrate to be approved is also known as recombinant factor VIII (8). With the help of DNA technology, this factor has been prepared through genetic engineering. This factor helps in either removing or causing the inactivation of viruses that have originated in the blood. In addition to that, it should be known that recombinant factors VIII (8) and IX (9) do not consist of any albumin or plasma, thereby are incapable of causing any bloodborne viruses in the body.

Plasma-derived factor concentrates
The liquid part of blood is known as plasma. Some of the treatment products used in the replacement therapy contain concentrates that are made of human plasma known as plasma-derived factor concentrates. To make the required clotting factors, plasma collected from many people is concentrated over several processes and the required components are separated from the plasma. These factors are ultimately made into freeze-dried products that are then tested to make sure that they do not contain any potential viruses. They are then packed for use.

Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid
This is a medication that is given to patients suffering from hemophilia. This medicine can be administered to patients either through the intravenous route or orally as a pill or liquid. This medication functions in the body by preventing the blood clots from breaking down. Therefore, the result would be a stronger clot. This medicine is particularly given when patients encounter any bleeding in the mouth or after any dental procedures, such as tooth removal. It strengthens the clots by blocking a substance in the saliva and breaks down the clots.

Emicizumab
This medicine performs the function of clotting factor VIII and helps in reducing the frequency of bleeding that occurs in patients with hemophilia. This medication can be given to patients through an injection under the surface of the skin.